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The Ethereum Foundation has set December 3, 2025, as the date when the Fusaka hard fork will go live on the mainnet. This comes after a long testing period on the Holesky, Sepolia, and Hoodi testnets.
The upgrade, which is Ethereum’s most ambitious since Pectra in February, was confirmed in the All Core Devs meeting on October 30. It includes a dozen Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs) that will improve security, sustainability, and Layer 2 efficiency.
Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS) enabling speedier access to validators, a fivefold increase in the block gas limit to 150 million, and a doubling of blob capacity to ease congestion are at the heart of it.
With Ethereum’s TVL stuck at $100 billion and L2 fragmentation, Fusaka sets the network up for mass scaling, which may cut rollup fees by 30% and increase throughput to 1,000 TPS across the ecosystem. This fork shows how Ethereum is slowly changing in a $4 trillion crypto market, with a $2 million security audit prize going on right now.
Fusaka’s timeline and testing goals
By the middle of September, Fusaka’s plan was clear, and by the end of October, devnets were up and running.
The ACD call on October 30th sealed the mainnet at epoch 280,000, which was exactly December 3rd, two days after Hoodi’s successful deployment.
Tim Beiko, a researcher at EF, said, “All testnets are green; we’re ready for mainnet.” He said there were no serious difficulties in shadow forks that simulated 150 million gas blocks.
Backward compatibility makes it easy to upgrade nodes: By November 15, Geth, Nethermind, and Besu clients will all have Fusaka-compatible versions.
Operators are told to update before epoch 279,500. Stakers don’t have to worry about slashing, but L2 sequencers need to get used to bigger blobs so that data is always available. Beiko highlighted that this planned pacing, which puts off PeerDAS from Pectra, is all about stability: “Rushing scaling broke chains before; we’re not repeating history.”
Important EIPs and Technical Improvements
PeerDAS (EIP-7592): Validators share blob data with each other, which cuts down on entire downloads from 1 MB to 128 KB each block. This cuts bandwidth by 80% for light clients, allowing more than 100,000 TPS over L2s like Arbitrum and Optimism without the need for centralized relays.
According to L2Beat, the Blob Capacity Doubling (EIP-7691) will make it easier to prepare for Danksharding and lower the cost of rollup data by 40%. This will allow 6 blobs per block instead of 3.
Gas Limit Expansion (EIP-7623): The block gas limit goes from 30M to 150M, which lets complicated DeFi transactions and AI oracles get through without having to wait in line. EIP-7702 improves account abstraction for a better user experience.
EIP-7732 (changes to the consensus layer) and EIP-7742 (separation of the app layer) make security stronger against 51% assaults, even with $50 billion worth of staked ETH on Ethereum. EIP-7755 is a great example of sustainability because it makes proof-of-stake validators use less energy.
Dune Analytics says that these adjustments could lower typical L2 fees from $0.10 to $0.03, which is important because Base and zkSync are reaching 500 TPS peaks.
Ecosystem Prep and Security Audit Bounty
To find and fix weaknesses, EF started a four-week audit contest on October 15. It offered up to $2 million through Immunefi for critical flaws, which was a lot more than Pectra’s $1 million pool. There have already been more than 50 entries, and Hat’s team won $500,000 for a PeerDAS edge case. “Bounties make sure that code has been tested in battle,” stated Marius van der Wijden of EF.
L2s are getting ready: The Bedrock update for Optimism works with Fusaka for blob syncing, and the Polygon CDK adds PeerDAS for 10,000 TPS claims. Coinbase and Binance, two exchanges, will stop accepting ETH deposits from December 2 to 4. They will start accepting them again after the fork. Stakers: To avoid missing attestations, 28 million ETH (25% of the supply) must upgrade clients.
What this means for Ethereum and the Layer 2 landscape
Fusaka comes at a time when L2 TVL is at $40 billion, with Base ($10B) and Arbitrum ($15B) in the lead. PeerDAS and blobs might bring together the broken rollup ecosystem, cutting data costs in half and allowing “modular” scalability according to Vitalik Buterin’s plan. For DeFi, 150 million gas blocks can handle flash loans and perpetuals without splitting, which increases Aave’s TVL to $12 billion.
It competes with Solana’s 65,000 TPS and Sui’s Object model, and it takes back the narrative when Ethereum reaches 1 million daily users. Risks: Blob spam could temporarily raise rates, but EIP-7766’s dynamic pricing helps keep that from happening. Fusaka plans to build Danksharding by 2027, with blocks of 100 MB in size.
Conclusion
Ethereum’s Fusaka hard fork, which is set for December 3, 2025, will add PeerDAS, 150M gas restrictions, and double blobs. This will make L2s much faster and lower fees by 30% to 50% in a $100B TVL network. This backward-compatible leap strengthens Ethereum against competitors while becoming ready for mainstream adoption. It does this by offering $2 million incentives to make sure security and testnets work perfectly. Fusaka is a big step forward in scaling. Keep an eye on December 3 for a rise in throughput and new ideas after the fork.
